Description The carotid arterie...
Description
The carotid arteries carry blood from the heart to the brain. Blockages typically occur from atherosclerosis but congenital abnormalities and trauma can result in narrowing of the arteries (stenosis). A stroke can occur if the narrowing suddenly becomes blocked with a clot or a piece of plaque lining the inside of the artery) breaks off and blocks an artery inside the brain.
Symptoms
No symptoms, unless there is insufficient blood flow to part of the brain to allow normal brain function. If that occurs, symptoms may include weakness, numbness, slurred speech, confusion, incoordination, or decreased vision. Temporary symptoms are called a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Permanent symptoms are a stroke.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. A carotid ultrasound is often the first test. More detail is gained by obtaining a CT angiogram (CTA), or MR angiogram (MRA).
Tests:
Ultrasound
Other Specific Tests: CTA, MRA
Specialists:
Vascular Surgery
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. A carotid ultrasound is often the first test. More detail is gained by obtaining a CT angiogram (CTA), or MR angiogram (MRA).
Tests:
Ultrasound
Other Specific Tests: CTA, MRA
Specialists:
Vascular Surgery
Treatment
Therapy depends on the severity of the degree of blockage and severity of symptoms. Therapy for mild to moderate blockages is aimed at reducing further atherosclerosis with lifestyle changes and keeping blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the normal range. Also aspirin or other anti-platelet drug is given to prevent clots inside the carotid artery. More severe blockages that cause symptoms may require stenting of the artery or surgery (endarterectomy).