Hip dislocation

Description A hip dislocation o...

Description

A hip dislocation occurs when the upper part of the thigh bone (femur) comes out of its normal location in the cup-like part of the pelvis called the acetabulum. Normally, the top of the femur rotates freely within this cup and forms a ball and socket joint. When the top of the femur comes out of the cup, the joint can no longer move freely and there is the potential for decreased blood flow to the femur. Dislocations may be the result of trauma such as an automobile accident. However, individuals who have had a hip replacement are at risk to experience dislocations without trauma. This can happen with motions such as a deep squat or extreme rotation of the hip. A hip dislocation is a medical emergency and immediate medical attention is required. Ideally, the hip should be placed back in its socket within six hours to avoid blood flow injury to the femur, which could cause avascular necrosis.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include pain, upper leg deformity, inability to move leg, leg swelling, numbness, and tenderness.

Tests

Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment

Workup:
A history and physical will be performed. The diagnosis is usually confirmed with an x-ray. Additional imaging with a CT scan or MRI may be necessary pending the extent of the injury or for repeat dislocations.

Tests:
CT Scan, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray

Specialists:
Orthopedic Surgery, Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Trauma Surgery

Treatment

Treatment involves replacement of the top of the femur back in its socket. This procedure is called reduction. This can usually be accomplished in the emergency department, but occasionally requires reduction in the operating room. Medications are given to control pain and provide sedation. Weight-bearing and range of motion may be restricted following the closed reduction.