Hernia

Description Occurs because of a...

Description

Occurs because of a weakened area of muscle. This weakened area cannot hold in the abdominal contents and it protrudes, or herniates, through the defect. The hernia can contain fat, intestines or other tissue. Typically the hernia protrudes with any activity that increases the pressure in the abdomen such as lifting a heavy object or straining to have a bowel movement. Often, the protrusion will relieve itself or can be gently pushed back in place. If the herniated contents become stuck in the defect it is called an incarcerated hernia. Some incarcerated hernias can cause a blockage of the intestines (bowel obstruction). If an incarcerated hernia is not relieved, the contents of the hernia can swell, lose its blood supply and die. This type of hernia is called a strangulated hernia. The most serious strangulated hernias contain intestine and if untreated can lead to a hole in the intestine and a life threatening infection (peritonitis). The most common type of hernia is in the groin (inguinal hernia or femoral hernia). Other types of hernias are in previous surgical sites (incisional hernias), in the abdominal wall (ventral hernias), and around the belly button (umbilical hernia).

Symptoms

Abdominal pain, lump in abdominal wall groin or scrotum; lump that enlarges with straining, vomiting, abdominal distension. If incarceration or strangulation develop, the patient may experience severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fever, loss of consciousness and death.

Tests

Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment

Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. X-rays may be performed to diagnose intestinal obstruction. An ultrasound or CT scan can be helpful to define the hernia.

Tests:
CT Scan, Ultrasound, X-ray

Specialists:
General Surgery, Pediatric Surgery

Treatment

If no significant symptoms are being experienced, no treatment may be necessary. Hernias that are getting larger or causing pain usually require surgical repair. Incarcerated or strangulated hernias need immediate surgical repair to prevent serious injury or death.