Generalized seizure disorder (generalized epilepsy)

Description A generalized seizu...

Description

A generalized seizure is related to an abnormal discharge of electricity in the brain. Normally, electrical signals in the brain flow in regular controlled pathways. In a generalized seizure, there is electrical discharge deep in the brain that spreads to involve the entire brain. Attacks begin with a loss of consciousness and may progress to violent jerking or rigidity. This disorder is also called a tonic clonic seizure and in the past was called a grand mal seizure.

Symptoms

In addition to loss of consciousness, symptoms may include jerking of the arms and legs, rigidity of the arms, legs or trunk, biting of the tongue, and a loss of bowel or bladder control.

Tests

Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment

Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. The physical exam will focus on the nervous system of the body. Blood tests will be performed and the brain will be imaged by either a CT scan or MRI. Ultimately, an EEG will be performed to see if any areas of the brain are conducting electricity abnormally.

Tests:
Complete blood count (CBC), Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Urine or serum toxicology screen, Brain CT scan

Specialists:
Neurology, Pediatric Neurology

Treatment

A variety of medicines are used to treat generalized seizures. Some common medicines are valproate (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol), phenytoin (Dilantin), and topiramate (Topamax). Until the seizures are controlled patients are asked to not drive a car, avoid swimming or bathing alone and asked to not climb high places unattended.