Traumatic hip dislocation

Description A traumatic hip dis...

Description

A traumatic hip dislocation occurs when the upper part of the thigh bone (femur) comes out of its normal location in a cup-like part of the pelvis called the acetabulum. Normally, the top of the femur rotates freely within this cup and forms a ball and socket joint. When the top of the femur comes out of the cup, the joint can no longer move freely and there is the potential for decreased blood flow to the femur. These dislocations may be the result of a falls, a contact sport injury or an automobile accident. A hip dislocation is a medical emergency and immediate medical attention is required. Ideally, the hip should be placed back in its socket within six hours to avoid a blood flow injury to the femur (avascular necrosis).

Symptoms

Symptoms include pain, upper leg deformity, inability to move the leg, leg swelling, numbness, tenderness.

Tests

Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment

Workup:
A history and physical will be performed. The diagnosis is usually confirmed with an x-ray. Additional imaging may be necessary pending the extent of the injury or for repeat dislocations with a MRI, CT scan.

Tests:
CT Scan, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray

Specialists:
Orthopedic Surgery, Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Trauma Surgery

Treatment

Treatment involves replacement of the top of the femur back in its socket (reduction). This can usually be accomplished in the emergency room, but occasionally requires reduction in the operating room. Medications are given to control pain and provide sedation. The practitioner will then attempt to reduce the dislocation. Weight-bearing and range of motion may be restricted following the closed reduction.