Transient ischemic attack (TIA, reversible stroke)

Description A temporary decreas...

Description

A temporary decrease in the blood supply to some part of the brain. The affected part of the brain does not function properly, producing the symptoms observed. The syndrome looks similar to a stroke except the symptoms resolve quickly, usually within an hour. The most common causes of TIA are atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. These patients need a prompt work-up to identify and treat the cause of the TIA because of the high risk of stroke, especially within the first week after a TIA.

Symptoms

Sudden onset of weakness or numbness on one side of the face or body, slurred speech, inability to speak, transient visual loss in one eye, loss of balance, and/or lack of coordination.

Tests

Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment

Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. Tests to determine the cause of the symptoms, and identify any blocked arteries or irregular heart beat will be done. These tests often include a head CT scan or brain MRI, EKG monitoring and ultrasound exam of the carotid arteries.

Tests:
Complete blood count (CBC), Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), CT Scan, Electrocardiogram (EKG), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Other Specific Tests: Carotid ultrasound, CT angiogram, MR angiogram

Specialists:
Neurology

Treatment

The goal is to prevent the development of a stroke. Specific treatment depends on what is causing the decreased blood flow to the brain and may include: platelet inhibitors (aspirin, clopidogrel/Plavix, aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole/Aggrenox), anti-coagulants (heparin, enoxaparin, warfarin, other oral anticoagulant drugs), and/or carotid artery surgery.